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REFR Q4 2018 Earnings Call Transcript

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Operator: Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to Research Frontiers’ Investor Conference Call to discuss the Fourth Quarter and Full Year of 2018 Results and Recent Developments. During today’s presentation, all parties will be in a listen-only mode. [Operator Instructions] This conference is being recorded today. A replay of this conference call will be available starting later today in the Investors section of Research Frontiers’ website at www.smartglass.com, and will be available for replay for the next 90 days. Safe Harbor announcement. Please note that some of the comments made today may contain forward-looking information. The words expect, anticipate, plans, forecasts and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements that are made pursuant to the Safe Harbor Provisions that are part of the Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements reflect the company’s current beliefs and a number of important factors could cause actual results for future periods to differ materially from those expressed. Significant factors that could cause results to differ from those anticipated are described in our filings with the SEC. Research Frontiers undertakes no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to reflect new events or uncertainties. The company will be answering many of the questions that were emailed to it prior to this conference call, either in their presentation or as part of the Q&A session at the end. In some cases, the company has responded directly to email questions prior to this call or will do so afterwards, in order to answer more questions of general interest to shareholders on this call. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to turn the conference call over to Joe Harary, President and Chief Executive Officer of Research Frontiers. Please go ahead, sir.

Joe Harary: Thank you, Erica. And good afternoon everyone, and thanks for being here. Joining me today is Seth Van Voorhees, our Chief Financial Officer. We have some very exciting developments to talk about here, but before we do that, let me jump right into the numbers briefly. If we use the same accounting standards as last year, royalty income would have been about $65,000 higher than last year. As I noted in the past, as cars get further and further away from their initial introduction date, the total number of cars produced each year declines. So to maintain steady royalties under that environment requires higher and higher take rates for options. To put this also in context, if we look at Gentex as a good example of a company – that has a technology-based product in the automotive industry; in their last report for the fourth quarter, they reported net income down 19% and a decline in revenue on vehicle production concerns. So there were some headwinds in the industry that we overcame with higher royalty income this year versus last year. 2018 also represented the fourth consecutive year that expenses at Research Frontiers have decreased and the fifth consecutive year of lower operating losses for your company compared to the prior year. On a cash basis, our expenses were down by over $40,000 in 2018 versus 2017. We came in at a net loss of $0.02 per share, which is right in line with analysts’ expectations for the fourth quarter results of operations. During 2018 we also solidified our balance sheet by raising $3.25 million in additional capital from long-term investors in February and September, and since then we received over $1.1 million from the early exercise of warrants by these investors. We are in good financial shape with plenty of resources to move forward. To answer Dave’s emailed questions, we now have almost $3.4 million in cash as of today and remain debt free. Now I would like to talk about what many of you realize are quite significant recent developments. I look forward to our quarterly conference calls and to our annual stockholders meeting because it gives me a chance to speak to many of our investors. It is also a personal time for me when I can reflect on what we have accomplished and what our future looks like. The times for such reflection, sometimes they’re hard to come by. All of us at Research Frontiers from our employees to our board members are working at a frenetic pace. There are no shortages of opportunities around the world for us and our licensees. And sometimes it is frustrating because the seeds of our success are sometimes hidden underground and we can’t even tell our shareholders where we have planted those seeds. I’m happy that our shareholders have now begun to see where those seeds have been planted and are even seeing the fruits of our efforts in very clear and demonstrable ways. Today I will highlight these significant developments and discuss what they mean to our future revenue and profitability. For the past several years on our conference calls together, I have been focusing on some basic themes that have driven the direction that our company has moved in. First was the need to make our SPD-SmartGlass technology more affordable to the customer. We knew that we would be highly successful if we could do this and not sacrifice the fact that we had the best performing and most durable and reliable smart glass on the planet as shown by the largest number of installations in the field by any company in the world with tens of thousands of SPD-SmartGlass equipped cars, yachts, aircraft homes and offices using our technology for years. To this day, Mercedes has not reported even one problem with our SPD-SmartGlass, even though they’re using it in the toughest area of the car, the roof, and in the most demanding and severe climates in the world. To make our technology more affordable, we focused on all areas of our supply chain and licensee base. We also focused on our technology itself. Costs came down in the lamination, in the fabrication, and in the electronics. This year you saw starting in Munich at the electronica show, Texas Instruments introduced a driver for SPD-SmartGlass with the electronics on specially designed chips to power our smart glass more efficiently and at much lower costs. We developed ways to make our SPD-SmartGlass more inherently durable, thus minimizing the additional work and materials that our licensees had to add to the system. This reduced costs on many levels. Our licensees invested in process improvements and equipment to make SPD-SmartGlass products even more reliable and efficient. Licensees such as AGP in South America and Vision Systems in Europe have made substantial investments in this area. For example, throughout the year, we have updated the industry and our shareholders on developments by Vision Systems as they introduced new products for the aircraft, marine and train industries at major trade shows around the world. But what underlies this activity? Last week, prior to visiting the Geneva auto show, I was privileged to visit Vision Systems’ new facilities in Brignais, France and saw firsthand the transformation at their company. They expanded the number of people working there to 300, invested millions of euros in new equipment and expanded their facilities and even built the new modern headquarters to support the growth of their SmartLite division, which is devoted to SPD-SmartGlass technology. Another exciting area of transformation and a major driver in our efforts to reduce the costs of our technology to the industry and to the end customer started to be revealed about six months ago. In early September, our licensee, Gauzy in Israel led a $2 million investment in Research Frontiers. This investment was unprecedented in both our company’s history and Gauzy’s as well. When that investment was announced, we also jointly announced for the first time that Gauzy would in fact be making SPD film for the entire industry. Needless to say, this was very well received by the market and the industry. Our shareholder value has also increased since that announcement was made. About a month later in early October, I was honored to be present at the ribbon cutting ceremony in Tel Aviv for Gauzy’s SPD Smart film production line. This took many pleasantly by surprise because of the speed in which it had happened. After all, Gauzy only took their license from us a year earlier. And on February 1st another major event happened. Research Frontiers and Gauzy rang the opening bell on NASDAQ to celebrate Gauzy’s second factory line. This time the factory was specifically designed to be optimized for SPD technology with state-of-the-art equipment. It has the capacity to produce over 1 million square meters of SPD film per year. Ladies and gentlemen, depending upon the surface area, that’s about enough film to make 1 million to 2 million sunroofs per year, 8 million to 10 million aircraft windows or over 700,000 architectural windows. Needless to say, a fraction of any of these volumes makes Research Frontiers a highly profitable company. Sam Finta and Jeff Harvey both emailed in questions asking us to perhaps help people new to Research Frontiers’ business, quantify this. Let me try to help here. First in automotive; if we take the lowest end of the royalty range that we disclosed for Mercedes, we’re getting about $100 per car in royalties. To achieve $2 million in revenue per quarter that Jeff Harvey had asked about, that would be about 20,000 cars. If we assume an average large sunroof is 1 square meter, then this means that we would be using about 8% of Gauzy’s annual production capacity to achieve this. Full 1 million square meter capacity of this factory for automotive at this royalty level would mean $100 million in royalty income to Research Frontiers. In aircraft, we’re getting about $150 per window in royalties. 8 million to 10 million aircraft windows would be $1.2 billion to $1.5 billion in royalties. However, before we get too excited about that number, we estimate that there are about 160,000 new aircraft windows produced annually, so that would represent $24 million in royalty income and use less than 2% of Gauzy’s production capacity. The aftermarket is much larger. We estimate that there are about 2 million commercial aircraft windows out there. And this is expected to double by 2030. 2 million aircraft windows represents $300 million in royalties, assuming $150 per window. This would use just under 23% of Gauzy’s production capacity. The nice thing about being a licensing company is that our expenses do not increase as revenues increase. It is our licensees who do the heavy lifting here. So when you subtract out our roughly steady $3.6 million per year in cash expenses, a fraction of any of these markets makes us cash flow positive and quite profitable. Now, undoubtedly costs in royalties per car or per plane will be lower when we get into really high volumes, but the conclusion is still the same. This factory’s capacity can make Research Frontiers highly, highly profitable. Getting back to the new Gauzy factory for a moment, they’ve also built in capabilities to add functionality to the film on the production line and to speed up lead times for delivery. And of course, having a second source of supply of our SPD Smart film adds an appropriate level of competition in the film supply area of our supply chain, which has already resulted in a meaningful reduction in costs for what is often the most expensive component of a smart window; the film. One question I was asked by a shareholder in advance of this call was: “What was Hitachi Chemical’s reaction to Gauzy and their two new production lines?”. Surprisingly, a number of people at Hitachi actually told me that they were quite pleased with this development. Competition helps grow a market and invigorate it, and now they also have a reference point for the industry to judge each SPD film supplier’s performance and price points. One other major benefit of the new factory line, which not coincidentally is located in Stuttgart, Germany, is that it is just minutes away from Daimler and Porsche and under just a 2 hour drive from Audi and BMW. I know. I make those drives virtually every month or two. If you listened to the remarks made by Eyal Peso, the CEO of Gauzy at our NASDAQ opening bell ceremony for the second factory line, you will hear him say that they’re working with 12 automotive OEMs. We have said something quite similar as well in our past conference calls. Another major benefit of this new factory is that it could also make film up to 1.8 meters wide. Thus for the first time our SPD Smart light control film can finally address the size needs of the architectural smart glass market. This is a major market: about 60% of the world’s glass goes to architectural applications and there is a growing need for energy efficient green buildings. Let’s now talk about the second major area that I’ve been highlighting over the past few years as an area of focus, expansion of existing markets for our technology. Let me get right to the point here. In the 10-K that we just filed this afternoon right after the market closed, there is some new information starting around Page 6. We disclosed several new car models using SPD-SmartGlass technology in our 10-K so we could finally talk about them today. As many of you know, we’re in the SLC and SL Roadsters at Mercedes. And since 2014 we have expanded to their flagship S-Class and Maybach models. At last week’s Geneva auto show, Mercedes indeed had the SLC, SL, S-Class sedan and Maybach all on display on the show floor equipped with their Magic Sky Control roof with SPD-SmartGlass technology in it. Now for the new things; for those that follow the car industry, you might hear from time to time during interviews or announcements, references to “Electrochromatic roofs that switch tint. Some people might incorrectly assume that they’re referring to a technology other than SPD-SmartGlass because of the similarity of this term “electrochromatic” to the term “electrochromic,” which is a different type of smart glass technology that, unlike SPD, requires slow chemical reactions to occur inside the glass and can take tens of minutes to switch. So if you see a video of a glass roof switching tint, and the reaction time is instantaneous, you’re undoubtedly looking at our SPD-SmartGlass technology in action. So who are these new car makers using SPD-SmartGlass technology? Renowned British auto manufacturer, McLaren Automotive had two cars at the Geneva auto show that had SPD-SmartGlass roofs. One is already in production; it is the McLaren 720s Spider. I saw the impressive SPD-SmartGlass roof in operation at the Geneva auto show and it was an amazing feature. You can see footage of it on YouTube and the automotive press absolutely loves it. There are about 1,500 of these cars produced every year by McLaren representing about one-third of the total number of cars they produce annually. McLaren tells me that based upon their experience, they expect take rates for this roof to be in the very high double digits. The second vehicle by McLaren is the Speedtail. Now this is a $2.3 million supercar and McLaren plans to only make 106 of them in production starting this year and delivery to customers beginning in January 2020. And there are plans at McLaren for using SPD on other cars as well. Now moving from the supercars that dominated the Geneva auto show to the higher volume vehicles; for several years now I’ve been speaking about the benefits of SPD-SmartGlass technology in electric vehicles. In the past we spoke about the Fisker E-Motion electric vehicle with SPD in and the roof and side glass. According to Continental Automotive’s independent calculations and data supplied by Mercedes. Using SPD-SmartGlass in an electric vehicle can increase the driving range of these vehicles by up to 5.5%. This is a substantial and highly valued benefit. At the Los Angeles Auto Show in November, there were two new electric concept vehicles launched that used SPD-SmartGlass in their roofs. These two vehicles are expected to be in production in 2020. And we are talking about substantially higher volumes than McLaren and perhaps substantially higher volumes than what we are currently have with even Mercedes. These vehicles have been getting a substantial amount of attention in the automotive world, since their debut at the Los Angeles Auto Show. And I will be talking about these developments and the benefits of SPD-SmartGlass in the coming weeks and months. Next week I’m at the Roth Conference in California and the following week I am speaking at the Automotive Glass summit in Berlin. In May, I will be speaking to the automotive glass industry at a conference in the Detroit area. I am sure that there are a lot of questions about the two new Gauzy factory lines, and also about these four new vehicles using SPD-SmartGlass. So rather than talk about the growing markets for SPD in trains and aircraft and developments in those industries, perhaps we could talk about that in our next conference call in May. So let’s now open up the conference call to some questions that were emailed to us. First, Mr. Claire Houghton emailed: “With all the benefits of SPD technology in the architectural market such as energy savings, reduction of glare, etcetera. What are the objections to installing SPD that you’re receiving from architects and developments?” Well, the main objection we were getting, which is no longer the case, is width. Because the current Hitachi film is only produced in 1 meter widths, and for most architectural applications you need 1.2, 1.5 or 1.8 meter widths. And the second question, Mr. Houghton asked was ”How soon will Gauzy have the wider film available in the marketplace?” July of this year. Another question I got from Mr. Jeff Harvey. “Mercedes has been using SPD for a long time now. But no other U.S. domestic auto company has adopted the technology. Is it just going to be limited to high end cars like Audi and BMW, which I am surprised have not copied Mercedes by now, or are we only going to see mass adoption on the electric vehicles because of the energy savings?” Well, Jeff, let me address several aspects of that question. First to answer the question. No, I don’t expect this just to be on premium cars. Premium cars represent 3% of the unit volume of all cars produced every year. And if SPD is used just in the roofs alone, that’s about a $200 million plus revenue opportunity for Research Frontiers. But if you look at the development that has happened with Mercedes, you’ll get an idea of where things are going moving forward. And what I mean by that is Mercedes started out by putting SPD on some pretty low volume cars. The SL and the SLK Roadsters are relatively low volume compared to things like the S-Class and their other vehicles. And basically it was a proving ground to make sure that there’d be no issues, that the supply chain could keep up with the requirements if all of the customers opted for the option, and also to make sure that there was good reliability. And then it moved fairly quickly within two or three years to the flagship. And if you look at what’s been happening, you see the same thing happening with McLaren. McLaren has a relatively low volume similar to the SLK or SLC, or SL Roadster market in terms of volume. But it’s a starting point and every other car company has done the same thing. They’ve targeted certain vehicles to start with and then it moved up. With one exception, the two vehicles that I saw at the Los Angeles auto show. We’re expected to be in high volume in electric vehicles and really jump over the low volume introduction step there. So I don’t think it’s just going to be premium. I do think that, within the next two years, you will see, Jeff, other premium car makers strongly adopt this for internal combustion engines. And I think though that the real, real big numbers are going to come from the electric vehicle market, and a little bit more about that later. But a lot of it is driven by the 5.5% increase in driving range. And then the work that we’ve been doing this year and last year in getting costs down will fuel the typical migration of any new technology in automotive from the high end premium to the mid level, just like we saw with companies like Gentex with the Rear-View Mirrors for cars and Gentherm with heated and cooled seats. But this is exactly why cost reductions are important. Another question I got was, recently at the Consumer Electronic Show, there was a concept vehicle by Rinspeed, which had a small window from Gentex. How competitive is this product with SPD was the question. And we see that Gentex is starting to make a little bit of an overture into the automotive window market. Remember, this is a concept vehicle. In the past, even at conferences that I’ve spoken at where Rinspeed was a co-presenter, you can see that they’ve done some amazing, amazing concept vehicles including a car that turns completely transparent, so you could see the engine and the drive train. They’re very good at very forward thinking and futuristic ideas and concepts. The microSNAP which was the vehicle that this was on at the CES, I saw it there. I also saw it at the Geneva auto show last week. It has some impressive features, but it’s not in the glass. The glass is a very small panel at the bottom of the door to illustrate the concept that if you can darken the glass, somebody can perhaps sleep in the vehicle or reduce the heat inside the vehicle. But when they gave me the demonstration, they said: “Look, it’s really, really slow, you got to watch very carefully. You’ll see a darkening a bit.” But that was what the Gentex state of the art was. Now compare that to, if you walked a 100 meters away to the McLaren booth or 50 meters away to the Mercedes booth, you would’ve seen instantly switching and much darker and larger smart glass, in serial production, and proven to be highly reliable. So, it’s nice when auto companies, and component suppliers show what’s possible. But where we focus our efforts and where our licensees are focusing their efforts is on getting the technology into serial production in high volume. Another question I was asked by Mr. August Berman was, regarding the Panasonic transparent screen display. Basically he was asking about the status of that and he says, since Gauzy has a display product as well, is the market leaning more towards Gauzy type of display using just the liquid crystal instead of SPD. I want to take an opportunity to make a correction. Initially before Gauzy became a licensee, a lot of their development work focused on the projection systems in cars then in homes and offices. And in retail where you’re projecting an image onto a PDLC equipped piece of glass. And this was very similar to the initial transparent screen product that Panasonic had come out with. I’m happy to say that both companies, saw that they’re getting much, much better optics by combining PDLC with SPD. So, in the more recent demonstrations of Gauzy’s projection systems, including the one at the Corning booth at the CES and also Panasonic and some of their customers, private displays at CES, we saw much, much more advanced systems that were presented side by side with the existing systems that only use PDLC to show how much better the images when you combine it with SPD. Another question that Mr. Berman asked was about Hanamac International. Are they marketing the product in South Korea? Can consumers buy it? When can I make an aftermarket purchase from my car in California? As a matter of fact, they are presenting this at the Seoul auto show a little later this month. They’re not yet in California. Their plan is to start in Korea and then move into North America. So you’ll be able to get it at some point in North America, but initially it’s going to be in Asia. The other question Mr. Berman asked was: “Please provide your thoughts on the Boeing 777 contracts that Gentex. Is it more of a convenience factor or did they go head to head test with our technology?” It was a purely convenience factor. They had already certified electrochromic from Gentex on the Dreamliner and they didn’t want to go through a certification process because there were some limitations in the electrochromics that required a fairly rigorous certification process. And I just think that they were a little shell shocked by what they had to go through with that. I think in retrospect that they would’ve had a much easier time with SPD and we look forward to them putting this on Boeing aircraft as well as other major commercial airliners. Then the last question for Mr. Berman was. “Based upon my previous question, are we three years out from a significant auto OEM announcement. I see AGP making nonverbal hints on both Twitter and Linkedin, using the #REFR, and showing a picture of a Tesla. This makes me happy to see subtle hints, but I’m reminded that shareholders have waited a very long time and we’ve been told we’re making progress without the ability to conceptualize what that means.” Well, hopefully after today’s announcement, you’re beginning to see, that the progress is bubbling to the surface in fairly significant ways, especially with the two electric vehicles that debuted at the Los Angeles Auto Show. And I would say that we are quite a bit less than three years out to use the timeframe that you put in your question. And I think that in the next two years you’re going to see a very significant activity from Research Frontiers in the automotive market. Mr. John Nelson asked: “Any attempts by you or licensees to penetrate defense markets, potential uses in ground vehicles, planes, ships, or helmets and visors?” The answer is yes. First of all, our SPD windows can be made bullet proof, well rather our licensees can make them bullet resistant or bomb resistant. And one of the things that have come into play is when vehicles cross borders or other checkpoints, they’re often asked to open their doors to make sure that there’s nobody hiding in the back seat of the car. And they can’t open their windows typically because bullet resistant windows are usually too thick to open and close. That creates two problems. One is you can’t open your windows. It becomes very hot inside the vehicle and the heat-blocking benefits of SPD are significant there. But also what you can simply do at these checkpoints is flip a switch and clear up the window without opening the door. And what this allows you to do is basically keep your shields up because if you open the door, you’re bullet resistant glass is no longer protecting you. So there’s that market, we’ve also seen developments in other areas such as heads up displays for the military, avionics and other things such as sunvisors as well. So all of those things are certainly in the works. And now with two film makers out there, we expect that those markets will get reinvigorated as well. I’m reading the next question. Give me a moment. So this question comes from Neil Levin. “Gauzy said they are currently working, this is back in 2017, with Daimler to develop smart glass for their cars. Since RFI has already done that for the last six to seven years, please comment on what Eyal Peso was referring to. Is he specifically turning car windows into video displays?” Back in 2017, the answer was yes, that’s what he was focusing on-projection systems for cars where you could project images and advertisements and information on the car windows. And that was Gauzy’s initial direct work with Diamler. But now, it’s gone well beyond that, into a much, much bigger markets because they’re applying film for the more traditional applications. Sunroofs, side windows, sun visors, windshields, back windows, and even some other specialty applications within automotive that are less traditional. So they’re supplying our licensees basically with film that is being used for your traditional light blocking, privacy applications in cars as well. So their businesses substantially increased because of the advent of SPD. Mr. Rodney Erdmann asked about the availability of evaluation or development tools to help people understand how to work with and operate SPD smart products and gave me some examples of other industries that do that. And of course, each of one of our licensees business has their own branded smart glass demo. Each one is a little bit different. Sometimes it’s specific to the industry they’re in, whether it’s aircraft or automotive. And sometimes it’s just meant to be given to architects and lock with them. And Gauzy actually has developed probably some of the best demos I’ve seen of architectural glass for architectural use. So each licensee is doing that with their own form of demo. The customer will typically approach the licensee with a project, but must pass muster before you will get that because these are not inexpensive demos, but there’s certainly great selling tools. Dennis asked” “Who is the second film supplier from North America that you were talking about. Still excited about the next conference call.” Well originally when I referred to a filmmaker in North America, Gauzy was considering North America as a site for their second factory. After discussion with us and also with our licensees and seeing where the customer interest was, they felt that Stuttgart was a much better choice based on the customers and the logistics. But perhaps North America will be a site for their number three factory and they already have a site in mind for that. Len asks: “Have there been any failure of any of the windows?” No. Short answer. In many, many years of operation, there hasn’t been any failures that have been reported to Mercedes by their customers, and in other applications as well. And I think, that covers most of the emailed in questions. So now, what I’d like to do is, ask our operator, Erica to open up the conference to any additional questions that people participating today might have that we haven’t already covered.

Operator: [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Thomas McCarthy from Raymond James. Please state your question.

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Operator: Our next question comes from [indiscernible]. Please state your question.

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Operator: Our next question comes from John Nelson [Private Investor]. Please state your question.

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Operator: Our next question comes from Mark Raymundo [ph]. Please state your question.

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Operator: Our next question comes from [indiscernible]. Please state your question.

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Operator: We have a follow-up question from [indiscernible]. Please go ahead.

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Operator: Our next question comes from Claire Horton [ph]. Please state your question.

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Operator: [Operator Instructions] At this time we have no further questions.

Joe Harary: Okay. I’d like to make some closing remarks. We have a number of growth areas for our business in automotive. Our largest market right now is automotive and the focus has been on reducing CO2 emissions and we can save 4 grams per kilometer of pollution. And with the new standards coming in Europe in the next few years, this amounts to a savings of about €380 per car in and avoided penalties from the regulators. There’s also a pronounced movement towards electric vehicles. Our SPD-SmartGlass technology can increase the driving range of electric vehicles by 5.5%. And electrification is a the cornerstone of Audi’s future and they recently announced that they will debut 30 electrified vehicles by 2025. Their parent Volkswagen Group, which also owns such brands as Porsche and Škoda, sold over 10 million cars in 2018, but only 40,000 of these were plug-in electric cars. That’s less than 0.4%. Volkswagen announced today that they plan to produce 22 million electric vehicles by 2028, a 47% increase from their previously announced electric vehicle targets. Today we spoke about not one but four new car models using our SPD-SmartGlass technology. I can assure you that this is not the only new cars we will be speaking about in the next few conference calls. 2019 and 2020 are expected to be the big beginning of highly significant years for us in the automotive industry. Trains are doing well and could be our second biggest market over the next few years, but there’s some possible and exciting major developments and programs in the aircraft market that could keep aircraft as our second biggest market next to automotive. And with the introduction of a wider and less expensive film and competition among SPD filmmakers; Hitachi and Gauzy, all markets will benefit. And it also opens up for the first time the very large potential architectural smart glass market. Our licensees have made substantial investments in the coming success. They see it coming and are acting upon it. Many investors also have seen the success coming. New investors have established large positions in Research Frontiers. Existing long-term investors have also added to their positions. They also see our coming success and have acted upon it. Almost all of the warrants issued in connection with our February offering were exercised more than four years before they were set to expire, bringing in over $1.1 million in additional capital to our company. Investors in the September offering have also begun to exercise their warrants to increase their position in Research Frontiers. We all see the successes in multiple markets that are rapidly coming. We are working hard to expand upon these successes and there’s no shortage of opportunities for us or our technology, and we’ll look forward to sharing this success with you, together. I also want to thank everyone for participating on today’s conference call and your support over the years. Thanks again.

Operator: This concludes today’s conference call. Thank you for attending.